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1120 - 1190 JUDAH B. SAUL IBN TIBBON (Spain)
Of the family of translators. He translated many Jewish Arabic works into Hebrew, including the Kuzari.
1120 POPE CALIXTUS II (1119-24)
Issued the protective bull, (Constitutio pro Judaeis), condemning the persecution of Jews. The term "bull" referred to an official document issued by various Popes and is taken from the Latin bullum, "seal". This specific bull was not "pro Jewish" per se, but rather reflected the Church's official position, as stated by Pope Gregory I (598), which objected to forced conversions or the wanton destruction of synagogues. Often newly elected Popes would issue a similar pro Judaeis bull after receiving a gift from the Jewish community.
1124 TYRE (Lebanon)
Finally surrendered to the Crusaders. The Jewish population was not harmed.
1125 - 1198 ABRAHAM BEN DAVID OF POSQUIURES (France)
Leading French talmudist and director of one of the most influential talmudic schools of his day. Known as the Ravad (there was at least one person known as the Ravad before him), he earned the name Baal Hasagot (the Master of Critiques). He composed commentaries on talmudic texts which had been mostly ignored up to his day, as well as the Mishna, Sefrei and Mekhilta. He wrote extensive and definitive halachic commentaries and criticism on Alfasi and Maimonides, the latter of which is used as an accompanied textual commentary in all additions.
1129 ABRAHAM BAR HIYYA (d.1136) (Spain)
Philosopher, mathematician and astronomer. Published Meggilat HaMegaleh (Scroll of the Revealer) in which he predicted the fall of Christianity and the coming redemption in 1358. He held a senior position in the court in Barcelona, probably as the chief of police.
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